Sunday, February 27, 2011

Earth crust displacement

Theory of the Earth crust displacement shows that over long periods of time, approximately forty one thousand years, certain forces act in the direction of the outer limits of endurance.Among the critical factors are: massive accumulation of ice at the poles, which changes the weight of the crust, the Earth's axis tilt, which is every 41 000 was changed for more than three degrees (which should not be confused with the volatility that causes the precession of the equinoxes), and, of course, relative proximity to massive celestial bodies like the Moon and the Sun, which also varies throughout the precessional cycle of several thousand years.The theory of Crustal Displacement states that the entire crust of the Earth can shift in one piece like the lose skin on an orange.The assumption is that the outer crust of the earth in relation to the cellular interior, but the tectonic plate movements, the movement is extremely slow.
Vertical displacements of the earth's crust along the rupture resulting from such earthquakes can generate destructive tsunami waves which can travel across an ocean spreading destruction across their path.
Tectonics actually talking about a series of plates that move very slowly in relation to each other.But when it comes to Earth crust displacement, all the plates as a single whole, part of the outer shell of the Earth, which moves in relation to the interior of the Earth.
Most earthquakes happen where tectonic plates meet and glide against each other. Quakes occur when the frictional stress of the movement exceeds the strength of the rocks, causing a failure at a fault line. Violent displacement of the Earth's crust follows, leading to a release of elastic strain energy.
The Crust is a thin layer of solid rock. The material that makes up the crust tends to be lighter than the materials below. The Earth’s crust “floats” on the inner layers. If the Earth were the size of a peach, the crust would only be as thick as the peach’s skin (and not as fuzzy). If the Earth hadn’t cooled enough for the crust to form on its surface, we wouldn’t be here. Neither would any living thing we know of.
Scientists have never been able to dig or drill down through the crust to the mantle. Driving 100 kilometers is easy. Drilling that far through solid rock is hard. Well, it’s solid rock. But, we can study the inside of the Earth by observing volcanoes and geysers. The heat that melts rock into magma, and turns underground water into steam, comes from under the crust.
Most of the evidence usually cited to support the idea of an ice age, there are better fits the theory of earth crust displacement.

Saturday, February 26, 2011

Traffic pollution causes

Pollution from traffic is for children a special concern because their immune system and lungs are not fully developed when exposure begins.Air pollution is mostly due to industry in developed countries.Automobile transport is now an inherent part of our civilisation, and as it happened with many other technological advancements, the negative aspects are becoming more andmore pronounced. Pollution intake is also determined by the number of people in polluted areas, how long they stay there and what they do. The growing use of old, poorly maintained passenger cars and the use of diesel fuel have dramatically worsened air quality.
The road traffic is known to be the major contributor to the anthropogenic emissions of the "greenhouse" gas Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and it is expected that these emissions willcontinue to increase with the steadily increasing amount of traffic.Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere. Major sources of CO2 are fossil fuels burning and deforestation.The most severe damaging effects related to pollution from traffic can, however, be found in urban areas. It is here that the traffic density is largest and concentrations of car exhaust gases are often orders of magnitude higher than in rural areas.Traffic exhaust gases contain pollutants such as nitrogen oxides [NOx defined as the sum of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)], hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and particles.The largest pollution levels occur in street canyons where dilution of car exhaust gases is significantly limited by the presence of buildings flanking the street.In a 0.5-km-wide belt along major urban highways, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, black smoke (or soot) and ultrafine particles are markedly higher than in areas with less traffic.
In order to design effective approaches to pollution management from mobile sources, it is important to diagnose urban air pollution problems, determine the impact of mobile sources, and identify affordable and sustainable solutions.
The effects on health of transport-related air pollution are among the leading concerns about transport.
Motor vehicles are being used too much, and they are not “clean” enough when they are used.

Earth core facts

The first indication of Earth-core complexity came with Lehmann’s 1936 discovery of the inner core.The core is approximately half the radius of the Earth and is about twice as dense as the mantle. It represents 32 percent of the mass of the Earth. Iron crystals are the main constituents of the solid inner core.The actual presence of the solid inner core inside Earth was proven after the great Alaska earthquake of 28 March 1964 and is no longer questioned today. Estimating properties of this inner core, however, remains a major challenge.The crystals may have grown with a preferred orientation when the inner core was formed, or processes at work in the inner core may have aligned them over time.The dynamics of the core is critically influenced by the combined effects of rotation and magnetic fields.The core has some additional impurities; about 6% of Ni and about 10% of lighter elements such as H, O, S, and C. The light elements are believed to exist preferentially in the fluid outer core as compared with the solid inner core.Earth in its entirety can be considered a slow nuclear reactor with its solid ”inner core” providing a major contribution to the total energy output. Since radionic heat is generated in the entire volume and cooling can only occur at the surface, the highest temperature inside Earth occurs at the center of the inner core. Overheating the center of the inner core reactor due to the so-called greenhouse effect on the surface of Earth may cause a meltdown condition, an enrichment of nuclear fuel and a gigantic atomic explosion.In order to understand better the origin of the seismic anisotropy observed in the inner core, experiments and theories have focussed on the mechanical behavior of crystalline iron at the extreme conditions of the inner core estimated to have temperature of about
5000K and pressure of 330GPa.
The primary dynamics of the Earth’s fluid core is controlled by rapid rotation, small viscosity, thermal or compositional convection, and a self-generatedmagnetic field.
Several facts about the core, however, can be established directly from the seismic data with quite considerable ncertainty:
The ”inner core” (the part inside the 1220 km radius) is a solid, because it transmits shear waves and only a solid can do this.
The ”outer core” that surrounds the solid inner core appears to be a fluid - due to the absence of shear waves there.
To a seismologist, who performs observations with respect to the surface of Earth, the solid inner core seems slightly anisotropic, a few %, and this anisotropy seems "spinning" inside the planet about 4% faster than the planet spins around its own axis.
In contrast to the outer core, the inner core is denser than pure iron, so it is thought to be iron-nickel without a light element. Thus it is chemically different from the outer core, as well as being solid rather
than liquid.